Am Rev Respir Dis 135: 1069–1074, Harada H, Ishizaka A, Yonemaru M, Mallick AA, Hatherill JR, Zheng H, Lilly CM, O’Hanley PT (1989) The effects of aminophylline and pentoxifylline on multiple organ damage after escherichia coli sepsis. Cite as. METHYLXANTHINE DRUGS. Therapeutic actions of Xanthines The methylxanthines, theophylline, and dyphylline are used in the treatment of airways obstruction caused by conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. Amsterdam, Excerpta, pp 187–192, Barclay J, Whiting B, Addis GJ (1982) The influence of theophylline on maximal response to salbutamol in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Theophylline is the most well known and most commonly used methylxanthine. Whichever brand of Xanthine is used the patient should remain on the same brand of preparation throughout their treatment. These drugs were once main choice for treatment of asthma and bronchospasm. In: Jenne JW, Murphy S (eds) Drug therapy for asthma. Learn faster with spaced repetition. Check mild interactions to serious contraindications for up to 30 drugs, herbals, and supplements at a time. Church MK, Featherstone RL, Cushley MJ, Mann JS, Holgate ST. Methylxanthines have been used for the treatment of asthma for more than 60 years, but their mechanism of action is poorly understood. Common side effects include cough, headaches, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 17: 799–806, Ruffin R, Bryant D, Burdon J, Marlin G, Mitchell C, O’Hehir R, Wilson J, Woolocock A, Webb S (1988) Comarison of the effects of nebuilzed terbutaline with intravenous enprofylline in patients with acute asthma. By Jim Clarke; 2 Why Use Xanthines? The XANTHINES Xanthines, including caffeine and theophylline, come from a variety of naturally occurring sources. Lancet 1: 299–301, Bergstrand H (1985) Xanthines as phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Simliarities and differences. Asthma and antiasthmatics 1. Clinical Application Case Study. Doxofylline: Indicated for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma and pulmonary disease with spastic bronchial component. J Allergy Clin Immunol 73: 525–540, Welsh CH, Lien D, Worthen GS, Veil JV (1988) Pentoxifylline decreases endotoxin- induced pulmonary neutrophil sequestration and extravascular protein accumulation if the dog. Bronchial asthma • Derived from a Greek word meaning difficulty in breathing. Methylxanthines represent a unique class of drugs for the treatment of asthma. In: O’Donnel SR, Persson CGA (eds) Direction for new anti-asthma drugs. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 78(4 pt 2):817-824, 01 Oct 1986 Cited by: 16 articles | PMID: 3534062. Review. Clin Allergy 18: 143–150, Cartier A, Lemaire I, L’Archeveque J, Ghezzo H, Martin RR, Malo JL (1986) Theophylline partially inhibits bronchoconstriction caused by inhaled histamine in subjects with asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 130: 600–605, Karlsson JA, Persson CGA (1981) Influence of tracheal contraction on relaxant effects in vitro of theophylline and isoprenaline. Not affiliated Chapter 8 reviews the pharmacology of the xanthine drugs, such as theophylline. Acta Physiol Scand 127: 95–104, Persson CGA, Andersson KE, Kjellin G (1986b) Effects of enprofylline and theophylline may show the role of adenosine. Short-acting muscarinic antagonists (SAMA, e.g. 5. of asthma and were subsequently maintained on a reg­ imen with the assigned medication for a further 11 months. J Allergy Clin Immunol 81: 615–617, Persson CG A (1990a) On the medical history of asthma and rhinitis. Not logged in This medication works best when taken on an empty stomach one hour before or two hours after meals. Methylxanthines are a class of drugs that can be used in the treatment of acute asthma episodes. Birkhauser, Basel; 239–260, Andersson KE, Johannesson N, Karlberg B, Persson CGA (1984) Increase in plasma free fatty acids and natriuresis by xanthines may reflect adenosine antagonism. Sympathomimetics and xanthines are widely used in the treatment of both acute and chronic asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 137: 36A, Brenner M, Berkowitz R, Marshall N, Strunk RC (1988) Need for theophylline in severe steroid-requiring asthmatics. Derivatives of xanthine (known collectively as xanthines) are a group of alkaloids commonly used for their effects as mild stimulants and as bronchodilators, notably in the treatment of asthma or influenza symptoms. This makes them useful to treat asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 137: A35, Cushley MJ, Tattersfield AE, Holgate ST (1983) Inhaled adenosine and guanosine on airway resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects. Asthma management, COPD management, and Apnea of prematurity. They are generally believed to act primarily by reversing the contraction of airway smooth muscle, although they may have additional properties that may be beneficial in the treatment of asthma (Barnes, 1990). KEY POINT Theophylline, and its salt, aminophylline, are members of the methylxanthine group of drugs, which also includes dyphylline. Theophylline is the most well known and most commonly used methylxanthine. Several once-daily β (2)-AR agonists or ultra-long-acting β (2)-AR-agonists (LABAs), such as indacaterol, olodaterol, and vilanterol, are already in the market or under development for the treatment of COPD and asthma, but current recommendations suggest the use of LABAs only in … N Engl J Med 311: 349–353, Naclerio RM, Bartenfelder D, Proud D, Togias AG, Meyers DA, Kagey Sobotka A, Norman PS, Lichtenstein LM (1986) Theophylline reduces histamine release during pollen-induced rhinitis. The airway response to the inhalation of four alkyl xanthines was studied in 17 subjects with moderately severe asthma (mean FEV1 1.19 litres, 42% predicted). Trends Neurosci 4: 242–244, Sutton PP, Pavia D, Bateman JRM, Clarke SW (1981) The effect of oral aminophylline on lung mucociliary clearance in man. Theobromine may be helpful for … In contrast to other, more potent stimulants like sympathomimetic amines, xanthines mainly act to oppose the actions of adenosine, and increase alertness in the central nervous system. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Arch Exp Pathol Pharmacol 231: 586–601, Torphy T (1988) Action of mediators on airway smooth muscle: Functional antagonism as a mechanism for bronchodilator drugs. The derivatives of xanthine that are used most commonly in medicine have a methyl, or CH3, group on them. Xanthines. There are multiple modes of action, and different drugs exert varying selectivities. Research and clinical practice. Excerpts, Amsterdam, pp 223–229, Kröll F, Karlsson JA, Nilsson E, Ryrfeldt Å, Persson CGA (1990) Rapid clearance of xanthines from airway and pulmonary tissues. Drug name: Aminophylline - Intravenous. The methylxanthine theophylline has demonstrated efficacy in attenuating the three cardinal features of asthma - reversible airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Therefore, the detection of these compounds is important, and it has been performed also using electrochemical biosensors. Med Hypoth 8: 515–526, Persson CGA (1983) The profile of action of enprofylline or why adenosine antagonism seems less desirable with xanthine antiasthmatics. This study guide provides an overview of the basics of this medication class. ipratropium) and xanthines ... can be injected s.c. or i.v. Long-lasting protective effect of slow-release theophylline on asthma induced by ultrasonically nebulized distilled water. 142.44.244.252. 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