He helped found the CIO and was responsible for the Fair Labor Standards Act. Agricultural Adjustment Administration: attempted to regulate agricultural production through farm subsidies; ruled unconstitutional in 1936; disbanded after World War II. Served from 1933 to 1945, he was the only president in U.S. history to be elected to four terms: 603244646: Eleanor Roosevelt: FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Created by Congress in 1933 as part of the New Deal, this agency attempted to restrict agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies to take land out of production. The figures didn't add up and offered little to promote economic recovery. All the banks were ordered to close until new laws could be passed. The new deal was a plan that Roosevelt and Congress put into action to hopefully overcome the Great Depression. Nine black teenagers were taken off a freight train in a small town near Scottsboro, Alabama and were arrested for vagrancy and disorder. The New Deal was a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans. Many of the advisers who helped Roosevelt during his presidential candidacy continued to aid him after he entered the White House. monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds, Conservatives who did not agree with Roosevelt, they wanted government to let business alone and play a less active role in the economy, New Deal critic; focused on the needs of older Americans; ideas for a pension plan for retirees contributed to formation of Social Security. A. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. FDR and the Great Depression . 1932; moves inaugural date to Jan. 20th; get rid of lame duck period, New Deal initiatives nicknamed this because of the many new acts that were abbreviated to acronyms and aimed at helping people get jobs and job training (included the SSA, AAA). British economist who argued that for a nation to recovery fully from a depression, the govt had to spend money to encourage investment and consumption. B. The new deal focused on the three general goals: relief, recovery, and reform. The new deal was a plan that Roosevelt and Congress put into action to hopefully overcome the Great Depression. (medicine) the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to radiation from a radioactive substance. The New Deal. A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be. Landon attacked Roosevelt's New Deal from planing the economy. The Great Depression. A. This is the currently selected item. It resulted in the Supreme Court declaring the NRA unconstitutional by stating that the NRA was regulating interstate commerce a violation of federal regulation. However, with the Supreme Court's decision to overturn the convictions in 1932 and with the support of an organization associated with the Communist Party, the International Labor Defense, all of the defendants eventually gained their freedom. A. Although the New Deal had alienated conservatives, including many businessmen, most Americans supported Roosevelt’s programs. 100 days after FDR was sworn into office. As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. D. New Rights Act. They were more influential than the Cabinet. The law provided money for food and other necessities for the unemployed. During this period, FDR and congress passed hundreds of bills that promoted social welfare and initiated programs coined alphabet soup programs. An emergency banking law was rushed through Congress. In terms of the "New Deal", what does the NRA stand for? Because the Supreme Court was striking down New Deal legislation, Roosevelt decided to curb the power of the Court by proposing a bill to allow the president to name a new federal judge for each who did not retire by age 70 and 1/2. The Great Depression. Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. The Great Depression. The New Deal. Relief meant that the government was taking immediate action. A New Deal agency created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven-U.S.-state region around the Tennessee River Valley . A small group of young reform-minded intellectuals responsible for writing FDR's speeches and authoring much of the New Deal legislation. It was often criticized, but ultimately created over 9 million jobs. The New Deal was an unprecedented plan that envisioned large-scale programs and reforms designed to support struggling Americans, boost the economy, and prevent similar disasters in the future. Gave a face to the violence and exploitation that migrant farm workers faced in America. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women. New Reform Association . 1935; established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. The New Deal Questions and Answers - Discover the eNotes.com community of teachers, mentors and students just like you that can answer any question you might have on The New Deal New Deal social welfare programs tended to funnel women into means-tested, state administered relief programs while reserving “entitlement” benefits for male workers, creating a kind of two-tiered social welfare state. Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1939, which took action to bring about immediate economic relief as well as reforms in industry, agriculture, finance, waterpower, labour, and housing, vastly increasing the scope of the federal government’s activities. Sort by: Top Voted. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms. Start studying The Great Depression & New Deal Test. proposed that FDR be allowed to name a new federal judge for every sitting judge who had reached the age of seventy and had not retired; soundly defeated in Congress; FDR came under intense criticism for trying to seize too much power. Part of Roosevelts New Deal programs. one of the most important acts that built a hyro-electric dam for a needed area. Parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas that were hit hard by dry topsoil and high winds that created blinding dust storms; this area of the Great Plains became called that because winds blew away crops and farms, and blew dust from Oklahoma to Albany, New York. To find out more, click below for briefs on New Deal programs, New Deal leaders, New Deal Inclusion and The New Deal Worked, as well as a timeline of the New Deal. Clerk South Trimble of the House of Representatives calls the House to order during session of Congress on Mar. Guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining, the greatest victory for New Dealers; created pension and insurance for the old-aged, the blind, the physically handicapped, delinquent children, and other dependents by taxing employees and employers. A leader in the struggle for women's and black equality. The New Deal period also produced better economic results in the long run. These were the immediate goals of the Hundred Days Congress , which met March 9-June 6, 1933. The Court upheld a number of programs of the Second New Deal, including the Social Security and Wagner Acts, and retirements and deaths allowed Roosevelt to appoint his own justices: Hugo Black, Felix Frankfurter, and William O. Douglas. In 1935 it effectively declared the National Recovery Administration (NRA) illegal. The Law set up new ways for the federal government to funnel money to troubled banks It also required the Treasury Department to inspect banks before they could re-open. Unfortunately, the New Deal is fading from the collective memory of Americans — a casualty of time, neglect, and politics. C. National Recovery Act. (FDR) , 1935 Created for both industrial recovery and for unemployment relief. One region in the central Great Plains was espe­ cially hard hit. Start studying Roosevelt's New Deal. This case took place in May 1935 when a New York company was charged with a violation of an NRA poultry code which dealt with wage-fixing and pricess. Authorized in 1935 with the intent of raising employment on useful projects. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. capitalism is a natural cure for economic crisis. Rural Electrification Administration (REA), affordable electricity would improve the standard of living and the economic competitiveness of the family farm; created to bring electricity to rural areas like the Tennessee Valley; many opposed. Would have increased the number of justices from 9 to 15, giving FDR a majority of his own appointees on the court. Repealed in 1999, opening the door to scandals involving banks and stock investment companies. A critic of the New Deal; created the National Union for Social Justice; wanted monetary inflation and the nationalization of the banking system. The new deal focused on the three general goals: relief, recovery, and reform. Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters. Agency established in 1932 to provide emergency relief to large businesses, insurance companies, and banks. Start studying The New Deal. The Act was the first direct-relief operation under the New Deal and was headed by Harry L. Hopkins, a New York social worker who was one of Franklin D. Roosevelt's most influential advisers. As a loyal supporter of her friend Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition, 1887 law which gave all Native American males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools to make Native American children more like other Americans. The Dust Bowl During much of the 1930s, states from Texas to the Dakotas suffered a severe drought. She also served as an advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Project designed to provide jobs for unemployed artists to design posters, offer art courses, and paint murals on public buildings. Practice: The Great Depression. What was referred to as the "First 100 Days"? (Banking Act of 1933) - Established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and included banking reforms, some designed to control speculation. Chicago Police Department shot and killed ten unarmed demonstrators in Chicago, on May 30, 1937. Yet, almost all learned to live much more cheaply as they struggled to make ends meet. established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. Repealed in 1999, opening the door to scandals involving banks and stock investment companies. World War II. The Law That Started the New Deal. (FDR) 1933 and 1938. New Deal, domestic program of the administration of U.S. Pres. It also contributed to the preservation of self esteem, and the genesis of millions of works of art. It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs. Tags: Question 8 . While the bill contained many provisions, the most notorious one (which led to the name "Court-packing Bill") would have allowed the President the power to appoint an extra Supreme Court Justice for every sitting Justice over the age of 70½. Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), Grew out of a dispute within the American Federation of Labor CIO; proposed by John L. Lewis in 1938; federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955; supported Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal Coalition, and was open to African Americans; eventually merged with AFL. When he was revealed as an anti-Semitist, his popularity fell and he resigned soon after. The Little Steel Strike of 1937 pitted steelworkers, represented by the Congress of Industrial Organizations, against smaller steel manufacturing companies, such as the Republic Steel Company, the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, collectively known as Little Steel. A popular narrative presents the New Deal as a series of programs that responded to the Great Depression with “3 Rs”—relief, recovery, and reform. Take the affordable-housing crisis. coalition forged by the Democrats who dominated American politics from the 1930's to the 1960's. This meant that it declared many of the acts passed by FDR unconstitutional. It allowed industries to create fair competition, which were intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. Next lesson. B. Head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs who introduced the Indian New Deal and pushed congress to pass Indian Reorganization Act. it created several government programs that gave immediate relief to Americans, often through public works projects that provided jobs. New Reform Association . The author of A New Deal for Blacks concludes that the movement toward Civil Rights was aided substantially by New Deal programs and attitudes [42]. In terms of the "New Deal", what does the NRA stand for? With the implementation of the Second New Deal, Roosevelt also created the country’s present-day social safety net. Helped farmers meet mortgages. What philosophy did the New Deal follow? American novelist who wrote "The Grapes of Wrath" (1939). National Roads Act. Roosevelt, the President of the United States during the Depression and WWII. Amendment which ended the Prohibition of alcohol in the US, repealing the 18th amendment. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A federal guarantee of savings bank deposits initially of up to $2500, raised to $5000 in 1934, and frequently thereafter; continues today with a limit of $100,000, (FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health, Attempted to combat the Depression through national economic planning by establishing and administering a system of industrial codes to control production, prices, labor relations, and trade practices among leading business interests; ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1935. Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937, frequently called the Court-packing Bill, was a law proposed by United States President Franklin Roosevelt. The act allowed a plan which would close down insolvent banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive. Civilian Conservation Corps (1933)- Relief- Young men between the ages of 18 and 25 volunteered to be placed in camps to work on regional environmental projects, mainly west of the Mississippi; they received $30 a month, of which $25 was sent home; disbanded during World War II. D. New Rights Act. the federal government should work to help Americans in poverty. Allowed the government to pay farmers to reduce production so as to "conserve soil", prevent erosion, and accomplish other minor goals. It focused on improving society, many times by building infrastructure. Up Next. B. Laissez-Faire policies should guide our economy "rugged individualism" will get us through the Great Depression. A newspaperman once described the group as "Roosevelt's Brain Trust." (born Fanny Coralie Perkins, lived April 10, 1882 - May 14, 1965) was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet. National Roads Act. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc. "Indian New Deal" 1934 partially reserved the individualistic approach and belatedly tried to restore the tribal basis of indian life, Government legislation that allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government. 1928; Republican; approach to economy known as voluntarism (avoid destroying individuality/self-reliance by government coercion of business); of course, in 1929 the stock market crashed; tried to fix it through creating the Emergency Relief and Construction Act and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (didn't really work). 6. after escape from captivity or domestication. The recession of 1937. 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