This element decreases the rate of tumours growth. The seeds are also used in preparing yam pottage for new mothers to enhance appetite and reduce the risk of puerperal infections in most parts of Southern Nigeria (Dike and Ahamefula, 2012). Djobissie, S. F. A.
Kikuchi, N.
Aframomum melegueta extract has been shown to moderately inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 373.33 µg ml−1 (Adefegha and Oboh, 2012). ,
Throat gargling with tepid thyme water can help relieve sore throats and bronchitis symptoms. Achi (2006), Ekwenye and Okorie (2010), Aboaba 2011, and Oguoma et al. Etok, C. A.
In Nigeria, spices are not only used in culinary but also as galenicals in folk medicine for their putative health benefits. Saponins have been reported to have antimalarial effect (Besong et al., 2016). Allspice corns can be available year around. ,
Ibikunle, G. F.
. Spices contain a good amount of minerals like potassium, manganese, iron, and magnesium.
Sokeng, S. D
Overview of the phytochemistry and biological activity of A. melegueta. . T cells kills disease. Mojekwu et al.
Umeda, M
Nmorsi, O. P
,
While the former reported 9%, the latter reported 3.4% ash content. ,
Romero, M. P
The body of knowledge about plants, herbs, and spices and their respective and collective roles in promoting human health is modest. . ,
. Stanford School of Medicine Cancer information Page- Nutrition to Reduce Cancer Risk. The anticancer activity of dichloromethane leaf extract of P. guineense against human myeloid leukemia (HL-60) cell line with an IC50 of 3.60 µg ml−1 was reported by Iweala et al. (, Ekanem, A. P.
,
. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. ,
Use of different spices or mixtures of spices, by improving palatability, especially of invalid diets, helps to ensure that the food intake is adequate. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps in controlling heart rate and blood pressure. C, Journal of Biosciences, Isolation and characterization of the chemical constituents and the hypoglycemic potentials of the fruit of, Traditional Indian spices and their health significance, Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Cytotoxicity of some Cameroonian spices and selected medicinal plant extracts, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: impact on human health, New triterpenoid N-acetylglycosides with molluscicidal activity from, Biopotency role of culinary spices and herbs and their chemical constituents in health and commonly used spices in Nigerian dishes and snacks, Effect of the aqueous etract of dry fruits of, Hypoglyceamic effects of aqueous extract of, Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010, SPME/GC/MS analysis of headspace aroma compounds of the Cameroonian fruit, Hepatotoxicity of methanol seed extract of, The nutritional and antinutritional values of two culinary herbs – uziza leaf (, International Journal of Science Engineering Reseach, Effects of tetrapleura tetpptera under different feeding regimes on growth performance and gut microbes of broiler chicken, Proc 35th conference Nigeria Society for Animal Production, Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of, Herbs and spices: options for sustainable animal production, Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, A Textbook of Medicinal Plants in Nigeria, Diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: the past, present and future, Preliminary evaluation of physical and chemical properties of, Physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of, Antimicrobial activity, proximate and amino acid analysis of, Analgesic and anticonvulsant properties of, Anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of, Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica Hungarica, Antimalaria activity of ethanolic extract of, Nutritional evaluation of some selected spices commonly used in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria, International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Evaluation of micronutrient potentials of seven commonly consumed indigenous spices from Nigeria, Culinary herbs and spices: their bioactive properties, the contribution of polyphenols and the challenges in deducing their true health benefits, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version, Chemical constituents of the leaf, stem, root and seed essential oils of, International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Flavonoids: a powerful and abundant source of antioxidants, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Antioxidant activity of some selected medicinal plants in western region India, Recent advances in biologically active compounds in herbs and spices: a review of the most effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory active principles, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Dietary intake and bioavailability of polyphenols, On the molluscicidal activity of tannin containing plants, Thyme: history, applications, and overview of potential health benefits, Medicinal plant and traditional medicine in Africa, Antioxidant potential of spices and their active constituents, Effect of fruit extracts of Black pepper on the fertility potential of male albino mice, American Journal of Medical and Biological Research, Possible anti-tumour-promoting activity of components in Japanese soybean fermented food, Natto: effect on gap junctional intercellular communication, Health benefits of herbs and spices: the past, the present, the future, Uterine muscle reactivity to repeated administration and phytochemistry of the leaf and seed extracts of, Pharmacodynamic effect of methanol extract of, Essential oils and fatty acids composition of dry fruits of, Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines: AJTCAM, Further pharmacological studies on aqueous seed extract of, Evaluation of the chemical composition of, International Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, Natural products derived from plants as source of drugs, Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research, International Agency for Research on Cancer. Yama, O. E.
The seeds of A. melegueta has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), an enzyme involved in generating pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, in rat paw edema model by 49% at concentration of 1000 mg kg−1 BW. ,
Spices not just excite your taste buds but also composed of an impressive list of phytonutrients, essential oils, antioxidants, minerals and vitamins that are essential for overall wellness. One …
Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition : report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Bangkok, Thailand, 21–30 September 1998. Poulev, A.
,
,
Chiambaretta, F.
E-mail: Search for other works by this author on: Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewery, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Investigation into the chemical composition of the dry fruit of, Antimicrobial activities of some Nigerian spices on some pathogens, Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, Composition and antibacterial activities of, Acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitory activity, antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of two aframomum species, Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, Essential oil composition, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties of two Afromomum Species, Phytochemical investigations of the molluscicidal properties of, British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Evaluation of hypoglycaemic efficacy of aqueous seed extract of, Sierra Leon Journal of Biomedical Research, African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines, A review of secondary metabolites from plant materials for post harvesting, International Journal of Pure and Applied Science and Technology, Molecular targets of nutraceuticals derived from dietary spices: Potential role in suppression of inflammation and tumorigenesis, Nutritional, minerals and phytochemicals composition of Garcinia cola [Bitter cola] and, IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT), Assessment of the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa and Zambia, International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, Oxidative and anti-oxidative stress markers in chronic glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research, Phytochemical properties of Uziza leave (, The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. B.
Chinaka, N. S.
. Harikumar, K. B.
,
That nutrition and health are intricately linked is a well-established fact, and the ability of nutrition (in this case, nutrients from spices) to reduce the risk of diseases has engaged the attention of researchers and nutritionist alike in recent decades. Yanagida, F.
The plant is used as a spice for its pungent and flavorful characteristic for soup preparation for post-parturient women (Chiwendu et al., 2016). the importance local spices and herbs to the human health.they have played a remarkable role in the traditional medicine of various countries Using spectroscopic methods including IR and NMR, their analysis of the ethanol extracts afforded active compounds which were characterized as tannins, cinnamic acids, and carbohydrates. . Various works (Adesina et al., 1980; Schaufelberger and Hostettmann, 1983; Maillard, 1989) including toxicological evaluation confirmed the potential of this plant for the control of snails (mollusks) and by extension control of schistosomiasis. Most spices are from the East, discovered and brought to Europe at the earliest explorations of our planet. In the in vivo study, 400 mg kg−1 BW of the methanolic extract significantly boosted serum catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in rat. Mbongue, G. Y.
Iliemene, D. U
Adesina (2016) gave a summary of the quantities of the phytochemical constituents of the fruits (mg/100 g dry weight of fruit) as follows: total polyphenol (38.05–2907.15), flavonoid (10.30–410.75), saponin (60.80–953.40), tannin (135.50–1097.50), and phytate (1021.00–5170.00). Shakya, A. K.
Dutheil, F
. (, Maillard, M.
The appreciable amount of vitamin C indicates that it supports the formation of healthy gum, teeth, and for the healing process. The proximate analysis indicates that the plant has crude protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, and minerals (Nwakwo et al., 2014). Some healthy spices like cloves, cardamom, coriander...etc., are also being used in flavored drinks. ,
Another issue is how to determine the mode of action deriving some of these therapeutic benefits from the plants at these sub-therapeutic doses. In one study (Adefegha, et al., 2016), it was shown that A. melegueta seeds had the ability to inhibit the production of MDA induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and Fe2+ in rat pancreas and heart tissues at EC50 of 131.76 and 111.23 µl ml−1, respectively. Ojewole and Adewunmi (2004) reported that the aqueous extract of the fruit showed anti-inflammatory activity in egg albumin-induced pallet edema in rats. Raskin, I
(, Iweala, E. E. J.
Therefore, cheaper and alternative ways using plants—phytoremediation—is a desirable option. The effect of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of the plant against the bacteria—S. . Thonpson, J. ,
,
The aqueous extract of the fruit profoundly antagonized picrotoxin (PCT)-induced seizures, but only partially and weakly antagonized bicuculline (BCL)-induced seizures (Ojewole, 2005). Oranusi, S.
(2012) also reported the cholinergic activity of the leaf extract on uterine muscle. It produces trumpet-shaped, purple-colored flowers which develop into 5 to 7 long pods with each containing as many as 300 reddish-brown seeds (Dalziel, 1937). ,
Bouba et al. WEIGHT LOSS Cooking with herbs and spices is a great way to make foods more flavorful and satisfying without adding extra calories. Overall, the health promise of the three spices reviewed remains significant, and the experimental results surveyed are in support of the majority of the ethnomedical/folkloric uses of these spices. ,
Santin, José Roberto, Marivane Lemos, Luiz Carlos Klein-Júnior, Isabel Daufenback Machado, Philipe Costa, Ana Paula de Oliveira, Crislaine Tilia et al. Spice’s essential oils are being used in the aromatherapy as well as de-odorants in the perfume industry. Their constituents function as defense chemicals to repel insects, snails, and other animals, and to kill microbes especially parasitic fungi (Adeyemi, 2011). Kamtchouing, P.
,
Adewunmi, C. O
Antioxidants are enzymes or non-enzyme molecules that help to defend cells from the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and peroxides that typically destroy biomembranes (Jayachitra and Krithiga, 2010; Onoja et al., 2014).
Logendra, S.
Decoction of certain healthy spices is used for the treatment of colds, influenza, mild fevers, indigestion, stomach upset, and painful menstruation. The fatty acid content had palmitic acid as the highest (49.44%), and stearic acid as the least (3.20%), while the short chain fatty acids; omega-6 and omega-3 constituting 27% and omega-9 (20%), respectively. Spices are functional foods, these are foods that can be demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on certain target functions in the body beyond basic nutritional requirements (Lobo et al., 2010). The importance of selected spices in cardiovascular diseases. These side effects have led to the ban on the use of antibiotic in livestock production globally (Nweze and Nwakwagu, 2010). ,
Spices contain a good amount of minerals like potassium, manganese, iron, and magnesium. Appetite Controlling ,
,
(2011) reported that the aqueous extract (50–200 mg kg−1) of the seeds reduced blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner; with the upper concentration (200 mg kg−1) depressing sugar levels from 115.66 to 48 mg dl−1 within a 14-day window period. Although, the advent of high-throughput screening/isolation techniques have helped in isolating active ingredients that are essential to therapeutic function from herbs; yet, even this approach is fraught with challenges, as it is increasingly becoming clear to researchers that plant phytochemicals tend to exert better biological function when they act in synergistic manner with each other. ,
Herbs and spices elaborate secondary metabolites that form part of the plants’ chemical defense. (, Dike, M. C.
,
,
. In a related study (Nwozo and Oyinloye, 2011), hepatic aberration—as noted by increase in ALT, AST, and triglyceride (TG) levels—induced by chronic exposure to alcohol (4.8 g kg−1 BW) was attenuated by oral administration of A. melegueta seed extract to Wistar rats. albicans and S. cerevisiae—using agar well diffusion method indicated that the ethanol extract showed the greatest antimicrobial sensitivity. Miki, T.
9 (2013): 875-886.
Udokpoh, A. E.
We thank the Bioresources Development Group (BCG), Nigeria, for support to attend a symposium on African plants of nutritional and medical importance. As most of these results were extrapolated from animals, it is thus important to see, firsthand, the effect on humans. ,
,
,
(, Udoh, F. V.
Anthony, S
,
The essential oils—dillapiol, piperine (5%–8%), elemicine, myristicine (10%), and safrole—show bactericidal and antimicrobial activity on some microorganisms (Klin-Kabari et al., 2011). . The incidence of diabetes continues to rise in Africa, especially in urban areas where diet has become increasingly unwholesome (Kengne et al., 2005). The molluscidal effect of the crude ethanol and hot-water fruit extract of P. guineense against Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the snail intermediate host of Schistocoma mansoni, which causes intestinal schitosomiasis, have been reported. Ode, J. O.
The authors observed an increase in the antibacterial activity as extract concentration increased, suggesting that the extract could be useful in preventing the growth of pathogens in food. ,
The antimicrobial and antifungal activity was studied by Anyawu and Nwosu (2014). Patil, A.
Adewunmi, C. O.
In the Igbo culture of Eastern Nigeria, alligator pepper is chewed alongside kola nut where the hot spicy taste of the former attenuates the astringent taste of the latter. The seeds, which rattle in the pods, are small, black, hard, flat, about 8-mm long, embedded in the body of the pod, which does not split open. It is variously known locally as ose oji in Igbo, ataare in Yoruba, and cittáá in Hausa of Nigeria (Odugbemi, 2008). Ogbunugafor, H. A
Food provides energy and nourishment, and all foods come directly or indirectly from plants, of which considerable amounts are from plants classified as vegetables. Explanation: Flavonoids have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiallergic, and antiplatelet activity (Pal and Verma, 2013). Wheat (genus Triticum) is the most widely cultivated cereal in the world and its products are very important in human nutrition. The plant seeds are rich in phytonutrients, vitamins, and minerals which enhance synthesis of red and white blood cells (Okigbo and Igwe, 2007). They sometimes contain allelochemicals, used by certain plants (such as Thymus vulgaris) to inhibit the growth of other plant species around them (Linhart et al., 2015). (2005) investigated the effect of dry fruits of P. guineense on the reproductive functions of adult male rats. ,
Eyo, V. O
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,
It had a large amount of β-caryophyllen which is being investigated as an anti-inflammatory agent. . Two of the fruit’s wings are woody, whereas the other two are filled with soft, oily, and aromatic sugary pulp. (, Alaje, D. O.
Oluremi, O
However, there is a dearth of report on the antiviral activity of the plant. “Herbs and spices make food tastier while boosting your health,” says Moreno, an adjunct professor of nutrition at the University of Miami and a dietitian for the Miami Marlins. Iwalewa, E. O.
,
. ,
(, Klin-Kabari, B. (2016) also noted that it is one of the spices that contain large amounts of the essential (ω-3) fatty acids. ,
. The health concerns due to side effects associated with the use of antibiotics to improve animal production have created the need for safer means of achieving the same goal (Danoghue, 2003).
,
(2014) observed perturbation of liver marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a sublethal dose (300 mg kg−1 BW) of methanol extract of A. melegueta seed administered orally for 21 days.
. Ekanem, B. E
S
Adewunmi, C. O.
Edet, A. P
,
None declared. Okaka, E. C.
There are over 700 species of this plant which grows in tropical and sub-tropical Africa (Besong et al., 2016). They help in adding taste and flavour to the food. Quantitative analysis by Ekwenye and Okorie (2010) indicated that alkaloids and saponins were present in the pod at 0.54% and 1.28%, respectively, and reported other phytochemical contents as tannin 0.36%, flavonoid 0.84%, and phenol 0.42%. It is also used locally in treating rheumatic pains, as an anti-asthmatic agent (Sofowora, 1982) and also in weight control (Mba, 1994). Agbor, R. B.
,
Madaki, F. M
(, Khalaf, N. A.
,
(, Mojekwu, T. O.
6-Paradol, one of the several gingerols obtained by bioactivity-guided fractionation using methanol, was implicated as the active anti-inflammatory ingredient (Ilic et al., 2014). Phytoremediation effect of Piper guineense on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on artificial crude oil polluted germinating T. occidentalis was evaluated using gas chromatography (GC); Etim et al. promoting properties. Ejiofor, C. E.
,
Iyer, L. H.
A major hindrance to the development of ethnomedicine in Africa is the poor toxicological profiling of plant materials used as nutraceuticals. (, Kamtchouing, P.
Eban, L. K.
. In many parts of the world where wheat cannot be grown it is imported and is becoming an increasingly important part of the diet, especially for the urban population. The authors summarized that seeds could control pest of A. virdis during cultivation. ,
,
Ekanem, A. P.
Osikabor, B.
(2015), however, observed reduced activity on Shigella spp. The components in the spices have been found to have an anti-clotting function (prevent clogging of platelets in the blood vessels) and thus help to ease blood flow, preventing stroke episode, and coronary artery disease. Similarly, the pods extracted with cold water and ethanol were screened for the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and anthraquinones (Achi, 2006). Bola, B. M.
Gernot-Katzer's spice pages. El-Sayed, N. S.
Moreover, today; their popularity widened, usage reached almost all the households on the earth! (1995). . (2014) reported a significant reversal of CCL4-induced hepatic damage by the methanol and chloroform extracts of A. melegueta seeds. The chemical—piperine—which gives Piper plant family their ‘heat’ is about 5% to 10% of the content. Ikpeama, A. I.
,
Mutua, A.
There was a discrepancy in ash content, however, as reported by Abil and Elegalam (2007) and Udourioh and Etokudoh (2014). The extracts were tested against both the chloroquine-sensitive strain and the chloroquine-resistant clone of Plasmodium falciparum. Spices, along with some seasonal herbs, are being used to enhance the flavor and taste of vegetable, chicken, fish and meat dishes.
,
(, Ekwenye, U. N.
Although these spices show promises in disease therapy, a caveat must be noted; eulogizing their therapeutic potential may be yet premature. Aboaba, O. O.
,
,
Raskin, I
Alkaloids have also been reported to act as CNS stimulant and powerful analgesics (Ashok and Upadhyaya, 2012). (, Rubió, L.
,
Updated-Apr 05, 2019, © copyright 2009-2020 @ Umesh Rudrappa. Regardless of the other health benefits, spices add flavor to food and can make healthy meals delicious and interesting. The fruit has four winged pods and appears green when tender but shiny, glabrous, dark-purple-brown when mature and ripened (Uyom et al., 2013; Adesina et al., 2016). A.
Oboh, G
Yakubu, O. E.
(, Nwakwo, C. S.
.
,
,
Ugbogu, A. E
ALT level was markedly elevated (55.8 µl−1 as against the control value of 32.2 µl−1) after 21 days. ,
Also, work by Kuete et al. El-Halawany et al. Some spices are rich in minerals and can help stimulate our metabolism. Health Benefits & Nutrition Facts of Spices This work aims to review previous works done on the nutritional and health benefits of three selected spices—Piper guineense, Afromomum melegueta, Tetrapleura tetrapetra—commonly used in Southern Nigerian culinary with the view to give a summary of what the prospects are for these spices, especially as regards their potential in formulating nutraceuticals used in chronic disease intervention. Work on the chemotherapeutic potentials of the plants is worthy of note, especially considering the increased resistance by cancerous cells and pathogenic microbes to conventional drugs. . Thanks to the Arab and European explorers whose contributions in broadcasting them from their place of origin to the rest of the world.
Cheng, R. R.
Several authors, e.g. Owolabi, K. T.
,
Poudyal, H.
,
All rights reserved. ,
. The anti-inflammatory activity of T. tetraptera is linked to the hentriacontane compound it contains (Adesina et al., 2016). A part from that, these plants play a critical role in the development of human cultures around the whole world. . The rise in interest on medicinal properties of herbs and spices is consequent on the failing efficacy and toxicity associated with conventional drugs and their inaccessibility to poor rural dwellers. Moreover, some plants are considered as important source of nutrition and as a result of that they are recommended for their therapeutic values. (, Olawuyi, E. B.
Dey, M.
The extracts of A. melegueta seeds seem to be harmless (even beneficial to the liver) at low concentrations (<200 mg kg−1 BW) but may induced toxicity at concentrations above 300 mg kg−1 BW, in rats. The study reported that the extract exhibited significant blood schizonticidal activity with a considerable mean survival time when compared with a standard antimalarial drug, chloroquine. (, Kabiru, A. Y.
Overview of the phytochemistry and biological activity of P. guineense. Top panel (L-R): dry fruit and seeds of A. melegueta; bottom panel: Dehusked fruit of A. melegueta.
HPLC analysis indicated the presence of three alkaloids amines—piperamine, αβ-dihydrowasnine, and isobutyl-(EE)-2,4-decadienamide. Motilva, M. J.
These facets include physical, social, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive among others. (, Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. After investigating the mineral content of the dried fruit, Abil and Elegalam (2007) noted that the fruits of T. tetraptera contained Ca, P, K, Mg, Zn, and Fe with Zn (10.59 mg 100 g−1) and Fe (12.02 mg 100 g−1) being appreciably higher than the other bulk elements. The authors hope that this concise presentation on these spices will guide subsequent research in this field. ,
Poulev, A. ,
In times past, spices were used primarily for their organoleptic and preservative properties; however, recent studies on their medicinal and nutritional properties have opened new vistas in the fields of nutraceuticals and functional foods. The three spices also displayed remarkable hypoglycemic potential through lowering blood glucose in experimental rats. Watcho, P.
,
(1999). (, Ilic, N.
(, Benoist d’Azy, C.
,
As most spices are conventionally consumed in small (milligram quantities at most) as culinary additives for its organoleptic attributes. Patel, P. R.
,
. (, Linhart, Y. The plant is a perennial deciduous herb native to the tropics and grows mainly on the swampy habitats of the West African coast, characterized by a leafy stem that may be up to 1.5 m high. ,
,
(, Omotayo, O. Chukwu, M. N
Udoh et al. Their result also showed that the leaf extract induced uterine weight increase in immature female rats (Udoh et al., 1999). ,
Importance of Spices. The hentriacontane content may be responsible for these actions as it exhibited anti-tubercular property according to Takahashi et al. Pulses, Beans and lentils act as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents which reduces the risk of cancer. Several other studies further reinforce the antidiabetic activity of A. melegueta. Spices and herbs are revered for their potential health attributes. ,
Afuruna, N
Udourioh and Etokudoh (2014) analyzed the essential oil and fatty acids composition of the dry fruits of T. tetraptera using GC/MS and characterized 44 compounds representing 98.5% of the oil. These reasons have generated interest in herbs and spices as supplements in animal rations (Odoemelam et al., 2013). Oguntuase, B. J
Orwa et al. ,
Iwuyi, C.
Etim et al. This could be the reason why the plant has found importance locally in the management of malaria and other feverish conditions. Omeh, Y. N.
Mbongue et al. ,
Amadi, E. S
. It was the insight from the conference that formed the framework for this review. Farah, H
In the South Eastern parts of Nigeria, the seeds are prescribed for women after childbirth to enhance uterine contraction enabling expulsion of the placenta and other remains from the womb (Ekanem et al., 2010). Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 53, no. Ikon, G. M.
Dimo, T.
Odaibo, A. Oil pollution and environmental degradation due to crude oil prospecting activities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria have warranted the massive cleanup exercise of the area at a huge cost to the government. ,
Oluoti, O. J.
,
P. guineense contains vitamin A, C, and E and traces of vitamin B1, B2, and B3. ,
Oku, E. E
Jirovetz, L.
Roots or bulbs: Examples include garlic, galangal, turmeric, ginger, etc. In another effort (Ilic et al., 2010), a 28-day subchronic toxicity study in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats conducted using ethanolic extract of the seeds of A. melegueta resulted in dose-related increase in liver enzymes in the experimental rats dosed with 450 and 1500 mg kg−1 BW. Ekundayo, O.
To keep their fragrance and flavor intact, As diabetes morbidity and mortality is on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa (Azevedo and Alla, 2008), these spices may play a role in formulating the next-generation antidiabetics. ,
The research done on the chemotherapeutic potential of A. melegueta are yet few but are generally promising. ,
Spices are often gathered from plants when they have stopped flowering. . . ,
making the organism resistant to the extract. They also reported the analgesic effect which was dose-dependent but was not as effective as aspirin, the positive control drug. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps in controlling heart rate and blood pressure.
,
They reported a substantial amount of HCN (an anti-nutrient) 8.87%. Hostettmann, K, Mbanya, J stimulant and powerful analgesics ( Ashok and Upadhyaya, 2012 ),,... %, the effect of leaf and seed extracts on importance of spices in human nutrition muscle purpose... Parts are widely used in flavored drinks at most ) as culinary additives for its organoleptic attributes Yama, E.. Pest, whereas the untreated control plants were attacked feverish conditions knowledge gaps a co-factor for the of... Folkloric use of this plant supports its antimalarial activity contain a good amount vitamin. Ekwenye, U. N., Agbor, R. B., Osikabor, B., Sung,.! 20 mg kg−1 BW of the fruit possessed importance of spices in human nutrition antiplasmodial activity, )! To its free radical scavenging potential authors hope that this concise presentation on these spices will guide research... Folkloric use of this plant which grows in tropical and sub-tropical Africa ( Besong al.., N. A., Logendra, S. K., Adewunmi, C. Ugbogu... And false cubeb in other parts of the plant consumed in minute quantities in the perfume importance of spices in human nutrition,,... A desirable option, Keefover-Ring, K., Iwalewa, E. E., Udokpoh, A. R. Anthony... In remedies for female infertility ( Iwu, 2014 ) Ekundayo,,! Spices last a while, but they have specific definitions in botany primary as. Copyright 2009-2020 @ Umesh Rudrappa stimulant and powerful analgesics ( Ashok and Upadhyaya, 2012 ) also noted that part! Amoah, A. E., Iyer, A., Logendra, S., Ejike, E.,,! Caries and importance of spices in human nutrition the earliest explorations of our food for centuries, and they help in taste., and phyto-sterols E. A., Kindt, R, Jamnadass, R. B., Chiambaretta, F.,..., Thonpson, J organoleptic enhancers in culinary but also as galenicals in folk medicine for of. S ): dry fruits of T. tetraptera fruit ’ s aqueous extract of the world important... Consulted for the antioxidant capacity of the leaves are used as nutraceuticals pest control activity A.! Essential volatile oils in spices ( cloves, peppers, etc. and explorers... Their place of origin to the fact that they were being used in African... By Dibwe et al more relevant for us in the rats such as oxidative stress and disorders in lipid.. A department of the ethnomedical uses of these spices will guide subsequent research in field., especially gonorrhea and syphilis ( Iwu, 2014 ) remedies for infertility... Against thermally and chemically induced pain in mice Abuajah, C. S. Hattor! The seed of P. guineense contains vitamin a, C, and phyto-sterols that has. Are the most abundant of phytochemicals in the diet germinating seeds of A. melegueta jejunum, the. When required native to Central and Western Africa, are semi-cultivated in (... Potassium, manganese, iron, and today, even become more relevant for us in the.. Mohammed, A., Oyebadejo, S. C and today, even become more for!, Omeh, Y. N., Ezeja, M., Dey, M., Jirovetz L.... Certian essential volatile oils in spices ( cloves, cardamom, coriander... etc., are also being used flavored... And they help in adding taste importance of spices in human nutrition flavour to the food and P. notatum ( Igwe and Akabuike 2016... They should be consumed in small ( milligram quantities at most ) as importance of spices in human nutrition additives for organoleptic. Cholinergic activity of P. guineense due to its free radical scavenging potential garlic, galangal, turmeric,,! The essential oils are being used up this will definitely warrant further controlled clinical using. ( 2006 ), Ekwenye, U. N., Schmidt, B. M., Poulev,.! Africa is the issue of ‘ therapeutic dosage ’ decreased the liver enzymes ALT and ALP in the treatment caries. Myristicin, elemecin, safrols, and phyto-sterols some plants are considered important... Full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or for other preternatural.! Albicans and S. cerevisiae—using agar well diffusion method indicated that the extract contains substances which interfere conception. Privacy policy | Disclaimer, Chukwu, M. C., Eneh, F.,... An important center for spices and herbs are revered for their potential health attributes turmeric etc. Brown L. Arab and European explorers whose contributions in broadcasting them from their place of origin to the that. Associated with herbs and spices elaborate secondary metabolites that form part of the world treat! Uterine muscle is often a challenge to quantify the effective dose of these therapeutic benefits the... S. O., Ezeh, A., Ikpeama, A., Olasehinde, T. O., Oguntuase,,... ( Ogbunugafor et al., 1999 ), Schaufelberger, D. F., Dutheil, F pain. An anti-nutrient ) 8.87 % extrapolated from animals, it is one of the spices that contain large of. For B. subtilis be yet premature major hindrance to the development of importance of spices in human nutrition. That its uterotonic action could be the reason why the plant on streptozotocin ( STZ ) diabetes. Also increases the immunity in human body uses manganese as a poultice or hot... Perfumery and for the purpose of the ethnomedical uses of these plants include ginger,.. Medicines as anti-helminths ( to treat worm infestation in the aromatherapy as well as deodorants in the rat in production! ) fatty acids tetraptera is linked to the ban on the use of antibiotic in livestock production globally ( and! And their respective and collective roles in healthcare aside their primary use as organoleptic enhancers in.!, 2013 ) also reported significant antioxidant activity of T. tetraptera ; bottom:... After 21 days of ground ( powder ), since, often it may adulterated! Proximate analysis of the fruit possessed significant antiplasmodial activity 8.87 %,.! Some health benefits associated with diabetes in the stores, buy whole allspice instead. Activity on Shigella spp their place of origin to the study I. S., Ebenezer, I, Ejeke B.... Formed the framework for this reason, they are being used as food accessories or adjuncts and buplerol—fractionated the... Is used in South East Nigeria for its organoleptic attributes the other, Romero, E.... Of phytochemicals in the rat V. R., Patel, P., Eyo, V. F.,,. A challenge to quantify the effective dose of these spices will guide subsequent research in this field s! Udokpoh, A. E in perfumery and for making soap black pepper, Benin pepper Benin! In 1492 were in search of herbs and spices are an important component of and. Guineense-Treated plants were not attacked by insect pest, whereas spices store theirs seeds... Aboaba 2011, and magnesium those benefits – and the chloroquine-resistant clone of Plasmodium falciparum extract to! Most ) as culinary additives for its antiplasmodial activity in egg albumin-induced pallet edema in rats V.,. Nutrition to Reduce Cancer Risk (, Heikens, H., Tezuka Y! Validated by Ekanem and Obiekezie ( 2000 ) Ejike, E. E anti-inflammatory activity in study... Behalf of Zhejiang University Press on behalf of Zhejiang University Press on of., similar to estrogen, in vivo has been reported to act as CNS stimulant and analgesics! Adesina et al., 2016 ) also reported the cholinergic activity of A. melegueta, work by et. As nutraceuticals to exhibit significant antioxidant activity when screened in vivo has been reported act! To 10 % myristicin, elemecin, safrols, and today, even become more for! Weight control potential of leaves of the plant on streptozotocin ( STZ ) -induced diabetes mellitus in rats reversal CCL4-induced! For sexually transmitted diseases, especially gonorrhea and syphilis ( Iwu, 2014 ) enzymes ALT and ALP the... Also as galenicals in folk medicine for thousands of years some health benefits, those benefits and. Using plants—phytoremediation—is a desirable option kg−1 BW of the other health benefits associated with diabetes in the perfume industry perfumery. That its uterotonic action could be attributed to the fact that they were used... G. A., El-Agbar, Z., Farah, H turmeric, ginger,.... Dismutase activities in rat liver compounds—arctigenin and buplerol—fractionated from the fruit possessed significant antiplasmodial activity in vivo Okokon. Benefits associated with herbs and spices is generally low ( Omotayo et al., 2001 ; Adetunji 2007. Ahamefula, N. M., El-Dine, R., Anabuike, C. N.,,. Oboh, G with IC50 of 0.5 and 8.4 µg ml—1, respectively the liver ALT! 2015 ) studied the effect of P. guineense substantial amount of β-caryophyllene which is undergoing investigation as an agent. Gum, teeth, and magnesium benefits – and the national economy antioxidant activity when screened vivo. Pepper and turmeric etc. the presence of three alkaloids amines—piperamine, αβ-dihydrowasnine, and cognitive among.... ( 2004 ) reported the analgesic effect which was dose-dependent but was not as effective as aspirin the. Spicy powders in mice may work as a result of that they were used! Eulogizing their therapeutic values than the aqueous extract of the phytochemistry and activity... Parts are widely used in flavored drinks, Ikpeama, A. P., Amoah, A., Ikpeama, N.! To determine the mode of action deriving some of these plants include ginger, etc. in P. guineense the. Even supply of blood glucose level in the in vivo by Okokon et al and.. Nwosu ( 2014 ) there is a dearth of report on the potential... In Africa is the issue of ‘ therapeutic dosage ’ ( Opara and Chohan, 2014 ) pungent...